Research shows that decriminalization of drug possession, combined with other harm reduction efforts and treatment services, is an important component of efforts to improve public health and health equity. It was early in medical school when I encountered the first of many patients who had spent years in jail or prison for drug possession. On… Read More »
Homelessness is both a public health issue and a deeply troubling sign of policy failures in a rich country such as the US. Yet what are the right ways to respond, both in the moment and on a larger scale? In early November, the American Public Health Association (APHA) gathered for our annual meeting at… Read More »
Do you recall the last time you did not have your morning cup of coffee or tea? Without it, you might be moody throughout the day and not get done what you intended. How about the last time you skipped lunch? Were you able to focus on your work with a rumbling stomach? Now imagine… Read More »
This year, teachers striking across the country have found common ground on a priority outside of typical debates around salaries or pensions. Educators in three major cities–Los Angeles, Oakland, and Chicago–among others, have been calling for more school counselors, librarians, nurses, psychologists, and social workers to support their students’ development beyond academic benchmarks. These public… Read More »
It is impossible to bring up a discussion of school sports without mentioning the great bogeyman of sports-related injuries: concussions. The number of concussions has been on the decline in recent years. But a recent estimate suggests that there are still about 4 concussions per 10,000 athletic exposures in high schools. An athletic exposure is… Read More »
This month, the website www.ACEsAware.org is set to launch. It will train healthcare workers to screen for Adverse Childhood Experiences (known as ACEs) in primary care clinics, but is that scope too narrow? Should school workers be included too? The website is part of the work of Dr. Nadine Burke Harris in her new role… Read More »
Creating the Healthiest Nation: For science. For action. For health. The annual meeting of the American Public Health Association is just around the corner! The meeting starts this weekend, November 2nd, and runs through November 6th in Philadelphia. Special Sessions The Medical Care Section has some fantastic sessions planned for the meeting. In addition to… Read More »
Mass incarceration is a true epidemic. It is also one fueled by social determinants, including race. Over the past four decades of “war on drugs” and “tough on crime” policies, the US incarceration rate has increased by over 500% [pdf]. There are over 2 million men and women in jails and prisons across the country… Read More »
As a sexual health educator at public high schools in Tennessee, teachers would consistently jump in as I approached the topic of contraception. Required by law, these teachers would “emphatically promote sexual risk avoidance through abstinence.” After this abrupt interruption, I would then proceed to talk about all forms of contraception, including abstinence. Students would… Read More »
The codes of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) serve as the backbone for billing, payment, and surveillance programs across the entire healthcare system – nationally and globally. Recent research published in Medical Care by Alexander Mainor and colleagues from the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice has shown that the transition of… Read More »
Value-based care is all the rage in health care system transformation. Promising in concept, value-based care initiatives aim to reward value over volume, shifting our understanding and practice of delivery and payment reform. These efforts received governmental support in 2015 via the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA), which launched a myriad of quality… Read More »
A 14-year-old girl came to my primary care clinic with abdominal pain, similar to abdominal pain she’s had intermittently for years. As with all women of reproductive age, I checked a urine pregnancy test, and it was positive. I returned to the patient’s room to talk with her about the result, and her first question… Read More »
Homelessness and housing are issues of public health significance. This month, we published a Special Commentary about homelessness in Medical Care, informed by the 2017 policy statement we co-authored for the American Public Health Association (APHA) about homelessness and how federal, state, and local authorities can use evidence-based solutions to help bring an end to… Read More »
The opioid crisis has captured America’s attention, becoming an official “national emergency” and prompting swift action from government agencies, patient advocates, and health care providers. This is as it should be. Over the past decade, opioid overdoses have led to millions of hospitalizations, more than 100,000 deaths, and caused great harm in communities all across… Read More »
Hepatitis C treatment has gone through a revolution in the last 5 years. Treatment durations have dropped from 48 to 12 weeks, and success rates have improved dramatically. However, treatment costs have sky-rocketed accordingly, and access to care has become a significant issue, particularly for lower socioeconomic individuals and groups. Eligible veterans should have access… Read More »
I have been lucky enough in my career so far to visit communities around the United States to support public health efforts. While every community is different, one experience has remained the same: I am an outsider, and often a privileged one at that. Working across so many communities has given me a lot of… Read More »
Vaping and the use of e-cigarettes, especially among teenagers, has been in the news frequently in recent months. But what does the research-based evidence have to say about these new devices? I sat down with Jessica Pepper, PhD, MPH, a top published author in the field of e-cigarette research, to learn more about the prevalence… Read More »
“One foot in the grave,” he said. “Is that how you feel?” I asked. “No, it’s how I live.” Unsheltered for 38 years, he had lived primarily behind a dumpster floating in and out of the medical, social and judicial system. In the month before the new Keck School of Medicine of the University of… Read More »
The economic burden of the U.S. opioid epidemic likely exceeds $78.5 billion per year when considering its impact on healthcare, substance abuse treatment, the criminal justice system, and productivity costs. Although medication assisted treatment for opioid abuse (covered previously at our blog) may help to reduce these costs [pdf], the epidemic is likely to continue to negatively impact… Read More »
Although the term health equity is widely used, a common understanding of this term is lacking. Viewing health equity through the lenses of allostatic load and intersectionality could help. This blog post considers three case scenarios, all of which are composites of actual cases that have occurred within the United States, to explore ideas of… Read More »
Why do we care about unintended pregnancies? Rates of unintended pregnancy “indicate the extent to which women and couples can determine freely whether and when they have children,” as stated by Finer and Zolna. There is some evidence that women and girls who have unintended pregnancies have a higher likelihood of other risk factors, such as… Read More »
In 2019, mental health and opioid use disorders remain major public health issues. The most recent estimates suggest that 40 million adults experience mental illness in the U.S. and nearly 8 million adults experience both mental and substance use disorders at the same time. Individuals with mental illness also face higher risks of co-occurring chronic health conditions and… Read More »
President Trump wants $5 billion right now for his border wall, and another $7 billion (or maybe $13 billion) later on to finish the project. What else could we do with that kind of money? Here’s an idea: with $12 billion we could cover ALL 3.9 million uninsured children in the US today, and still have a… Read More »
There are approximately 61 million women of reproductive age (15-44 years) in the United States, and at any given time, 70% of them are at risk of unintended pregnancy—that is, they are sexually active but do not want to become pregnant. About 72% of women who currently use contraception use non-permanent methods, such as the… Read More »
The burden of homelessness on the health of those afflicted continues to be a major global public health concern. Last year, the United States recorded an increase in the number of homeless for the first time since 2010. On any given night in 2017, there were 553,742 people in the U.S. experiencing homelessness. In terms of… Read More »
APHA 2018 starts November 10! Thousands of public health practitioners, students, scholars, and activists will descend on San Diego, CA on Saturday for our annual conference. As in previous years, your faithful co-editors will be there, live-tweeting about sessions! So be sure to follow @MedCareBloggers for real-time updates. The program is looking great, and we are excited about… Read More »
A relatively undiscussed and unconsidered form of discrimination continues to plague our health care institutions. It’s about time we talk about it. Insurance-based discrimination is the prejudicial treatment of a patient based on his/her insurance status. This type of discrimination mostly affects the 28.9 million Americans who have no health insurance coverage, although there is… Read More »
Welcome to Point-Counterpoint – the BLOG Edition! In this series — as in the series by the same name in the journal — authors stake out positions on current issues, highlighting the pros and cons. In this Point-Counterpoint, we discuss the new Apple Watch’s electrocardiogram (ECG) technology, launched with the Apple Watch Series 4. The… Read More »
Over a third of all Americans are at an increased risk for chronic conditions such as heart attack, stroke, cancer, and diabetes due to their lack of sleep. Key disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, which now afflicts 30 million adults in the United States, are some of the primary causes of the morbidity and… Read More »
Welcome to the Bang for the Buck series! In this series, we will look at the most recent cost and cost-effectiveness research on public health methods and technology and discuss their potential for policy and implementation within the current health care system. As the costs of treating diseases continue to rise faster than inflation, prevention… Read More »
Last Tuesday I saw eight patients in my morning clinic; I felt like I did a lot. I saw Ms. S, a sixty-two-year-old lady with high blood pressure and diabetes; we chatted about her cats while I checked her feet and titrated her insulin. I treated my 9:30 am patient with some antibiotics for a… Read More »
Chlamydia and gonorrhea are among the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, and research shows that 50% of sexually active individuals will contract an STI by 25 years old. Though chlamydia and gonorrhea are often asymptomatic in women, screening is important in order to prevent complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease… Read More »
Title X, a program that provides federal dollars to be used for family planning services, is under siege. The public comment period ended July 31, 2018, and now we wait to see how funding changes for Title X unfold. Title X is a critical program that provides essential reproductive health services to women, created by… Read More »
For two years in a row, the United States has experienced a decrease in life expectancy, which researchers have largely attributed to the opioid epidemic. Life expectancy for the United States population was 78.6 years in 2016, a decrease of 0.1 year from 2015 [PDF]. Age-specific death rates between 2015 and 2016 increased for younger… Read More »
This year, we’ve seen more than 2,000 children separated from their parents, who were legally seeking asylum in the US. Most were from Central American countries in which crime and unrest place many at risk for violence. These children were taken from their families by US government employees between April 19 and May 31, 2018,… Read More »
The New York Times recently posted an article about the return on investment around public health interventions and how American life expectancy at birth increased by 30 years in the time from 1900 to 1999. The article went on to stress that these additional years of life can largely be attributed to advances in public… Read More »
Many women in the United States will be sexually assaulted during their lifetimes. And the aftermath of sexual assault impacts women health long after the assault itself. Survivors of sexual assault have been shown to have a greater increase in psychiatric disorders directly after their assaults than patients who have not been assaulted. Other research… Read More »
Readers of The Medical Care Blog know that the United States spends more money than any other country on healthcare. Currently, the US spends about 18% of its gross domestic product on health care, and it is predicted to grow to nearly 20% by 2026 [PDF]. While the growth rate in spending remains near historical… Read More »
Reproductive rights have been a topic for policy making and legal jurisprudence throughout much of the past century. As the healthcare system of the United States continues to evolve, women’s health and reproductive rights remain central to the debate. I previously authored a post here at The Medical Care Blog which discussed religion-restricted healthcare and… Read More »
In the new US consumer marketplace, doing good for society is powerful. Choices that people are making about how their food is grown, how companies test household products and reduce their impact on the environment, and how companies make their profits are driving new business models. Farmers are changing their pest and weed-control methods, manufacturers are… Read More »
Growing up we were encouraged to learn how to manage our time. Many of us were told that time management was the key to successful careers, personal lives, and finding the balance between the two. A cursory search online of time management brings you to a world of articles, blog posts, and books on time… Read More »
It was my first interview of the season, and I was interviewing for Obstetrics & Gynecology residency at a university-affiliated Catholic hospital. Because Catholic institutions do not allow abortion, patients are generally referred to other clinics and hospitals for termination needs. As the daughter of a religion scholar and professor, I was already very familiar… Read More »
Ironically, many healthcare providers–doctors, nurses, physician and medical assistants–are not trained in “health” at all but in “medicine” instead. Often, as providers, our instinct is to first reach for a pill bottle or a procedure and forget about lifestyle changes that could be safer and more financially feasible for our patients. As the burden of… Read More »
The name doesn’t exactly help. But before we discuss rebranding, a brief introduction to the concept . . . Salpingectomy refers to surgical removal of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) fallopian tubes. It is thus a surgical option for female sterilization—but also drastically reduces a woman’s risk of ovarian cancer. This is huge. Ovarian cancer… Read More »
Opioid use is a serious concern that the executive branch of the United States government recently declared a public health emergency. Based on data from the Department of Health and Human Services, in 2016, 2.1 million people misused prescription opioids for the first time, and 42,249 people died from overdosing on opioids. Also in 2016, 170,000… Read More »
During my time as a community pharmacist in Maryland, I often encountered individuals who would approach the pharmacy in search of syringes. Although they would try to disguise their intentions by stating that they needed it for someone else or for an animal, it was apparent why they were there; they were going to use… Read More »
[Editors’ note: This post was originally published on Feb. 7, 2018.] Now more than ever, we need a sensible, unified, national response to the opioid epidemic; a response that recognizes the gravity of the situation and the reality that opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic – and treatable – condition. While there are many… Read More »
Despite continuous efforts to address the problem, high rates of prescription opioid use and abuse continue to plague our country. According to the CDC, deaths involving prescription opioids in the United States have quadrupled since 1999, and so have the sales of these prescription drugs. In 2015, the American Public Health Association published a policy… Read More »
One hundred and sixty-one Americans died of an opioid overdose each day in 2016, and early 2017 data suggest this trend is continuing. The medical and public health community knows from decades of research that providing individuals suffering from opioid use disorder with specific medications can save lives. Our public policies governing opioid use disorder,… Read More »
In this post, we describe five principles that guided the development of Positive Health Check, a clinic-based digital health intervention for HIV-positive patients, aimed at making it acceptable and feasible in a clinic setting.